highCylinder head bolt failure
Look for: Early M156 engines can suffer cylinder head bolt failure. The torque-to-yield bolts can stretch and snap, and one failure overloads its neighbours. Coolant and oil then cross over, giving repeated low-coolant warnings, a high oil level, white exhaust smoke, a rough idle and a check-engine light; in a severe case the engine hydro-locks and is destroyed. Mercedes' April 2011 bulletin LI01.30-P-051567 covers engine numbers up to 1569xx 60 060658 (built 2006 to the first half of 2010). Not every engine fails: owners report high-km cars with no trouble, but the fault is documented by Mercedes.
If you find it: Ask for the engine number and proof the heads were done under the bulletin (heads off, deck height measured, new head bolts and hydraulic tappets). Pressure-test the cooling system and leave it overnight, then check the oil for coolant. Walk away from any car with unexplained coolant loss or white smoke.
Any